NSGA-II based energy efficient scheduling in real-time embedded systems for tasks with deadlines and execution times as type-2 fuzzy numbers

In real-time systems, energy efficiency is a vital issue since usually such systems run on battery and are remotely placed. Another important aspect of these systems is their capabilities to produce timely results. In this paper, we have reported how these two conflicting issues of embedded real-time systems can be addressed with the help of an efficient evolutionary algorithm viz. NSGA-II (Non-Dominated Sorting Algorithm-II). Moreover, during the system design time, the timing parameters in real-time systems are all designers' approximation since those can hardly be predicted before runtime. This means that there exists some uncertainty and hence it is appropriate to consider fuzzy numbers to model these timing parameters. Although type-I fuzzy numbers were used by a number of researchers to model the timing parameters of real-time embedded systems, they suffer from the interpretability issues. To address this, we thus propose here to consider type-2 fuzzy numbers to model real-time tasks timing parameters. Few numerical examples are included to demonstrate our proposed technique.