Load-shifting potentials in households including electric mobility - A comparison of user behaviour with modelling results

This paper analyses the potential of demand response (DR) in households considering smart appliances and electric vehicles (EV). A model-based analysis allows calculating the technically possible and economically feasible load-shifting potential, while behavioral analysis enables estimating the potential of the model with real-user experiences in a smart home laboratory. The modeling results show that EV are especially suitable for load-shifting activities due to their long parking hours and high power as well as energy demand. Together with smart household appliances (dishwasher, washing machine, tumble dryer) most of the electricity demand can be technically shifted in time. The experimental results strongly support the modeling results - especially with demand automation. However, user acceptance of load-shifting activities depends largely on the design of direct real-time feedback, the comprehensiveness of electricity pricing, and the customer-friendliness of smart household appliances.