Calculation of power flow and bus voltages

The method for calculation of power flow and bus voltages in a-c networks described in this paper is based upon Kirchhoff's laws, and is novel mainly in that the power losses are lumped at the network terminals in determining power flow. The effect of circuit shunt capacitance is included. Problems in which the ratio of resistance to reactance in all branches is constant, and also problems in which this ratio is not constant are considered. The method can be applied to any a-c network.