“Synchronized at the load” — I: A fundamental plan of power supply

The New York 60-cycle system is operating with connections giving parallel paths between generating units only at the load. High values of reactance result for synchronizing circuits between the several generating units, but the usual values are present in the main energy channels between generators and load. Connections are contrasted with two common types of metropolitan power systems; i. e., the “close linked” and “loose linked” systems, and are shown supplemental to multiple-feed network distribution, as the principle of using separate multiple feeds from independent generators connected in parallel only at the load extends the network distribution system to the generating stations. In completely networked distribution, the 120/208-volt mains acting as a short-circuit-proof bus, supply the only synchronizing paths between generators. Substation busses serving radial load are substituted where complete networks do not exist. Calculations, tests, and operating experience indicate synchronizing power sufficient to give stability to all elements of the system not directly affected by a fault. Some advantages derived are: Increased reliability of generating sources, lower interrupting duties on circuit breakers, and reduction in service voltage disturbance.