Seamless dynamic model for bi-directional DC-DC converter

In this paper, bi-directional DC-DC converter is analyzed using a seamless dynamic model with an independent voltage source and an independent current source, which polarity depends on the direction of the power flow. In the seamless dynamic model, the independent voltage source represents a battery and an independent current source represents the load or energy source. A small signal model is derived using a state space averaging method, and simulated results about the transient response characteristics are presented.