Improving the Performance of a Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Light-Emitting Diode Through Structure Optimization

Significant performance enhancement of a green hybrid inorganic-organic light-emitting diode (HyLED) based on a simplified WO
₃
/organic layer structure has been achieved through structure optimization. A 20-50 nm as-deposited WO
₃
layer allowed for facile hole injection and transport. In the meantime, it had high transparency and good robustness required for efficient and reliable operation of the HyLED. Inserting a 30 nm undoped 4,4
^'
-N,N
^'
-dicarbazolebiphenyl (CBP) layer between the WO
₃
and emitting layer resulted in a broadened exciton generation zone and improved the brightness by 87.4% at 20 mA/cm
²
. At this injection level, the optimized HyLED reached a luminance of 11642 cd/m
²
and a current efficiency of 58.2 cd/A, and exhibited good reliability under constant-current stressing.