A novel conceptual framework for electric vehicles participating in Automatic Generation Control: Station-to-grid

Integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into power system ancillary services has great significance for promoting the development of EVs and improving the level of grid operation. The decentralized on-board batteries and user mobility behaviour may cause to increase the cost and complexity of grid control. This paper presents a new conceptual framework for the interaction of EVs and power grid, namely Station-to-Grid (S2G), based on the battery swapping business model. The control structure, communication and incentives for S2G participating in Automatic Generation Control (AGC) are also discussed. A two-area AGC simulation model has been proposed to verify the effect of S2G. The results show that S2G can significantly suppress the frequency deviation and tie line power fluctuations.