On economic dispatch with units being shut down

The conventional economic dispatch (ED) model does not consider the case that some units are allowed to be shut down. To take this case into account, in this paper, a new ED model is proposed. The new model is based on a simple but fundamental theory. Its proof is presented first, followed by the test case of a large-scale system. The new model successfully converges at the solutions in which the shut-down units are identified.