Influence of electron beam misalignment on characteristics of gyrotrons

A number of reasons such as technological errors in the process of gyrotron's manufacture or inaccurate alignment of the magnetic field of the solenoid may lead to the formation of the misalignment. It means that we face a situation when the axis of the leading centers of the electron beam orbits do not coincide with the axis of the resonator. The effect that arises in this situation involves a violation of axial symmetry of the cavity-beam. With increasing of output frequency of the device this problem becomes more acute and almost inevitable.