Advancement in nanotechnology and its major issues

Nanofluids are considered to offer important advantages over conventional heat transfer fluids. In this study a review is done about the advancement in the field of nanotechnology and its major issues. Also an experiment is carried out to study the forced convective heat transfer coefficient of graphene - water nanofluid inside an inclined stainless steel tube of 4mm in diameter and 1000mm length. The volume concentration of the graphene nano particle used is 0.2% and the Reynolds number is varied from 500 – 9000 (laminar to turbulent flow regimes). The heat flux is varied from 3844 W/m
²
– 15740 W/m
²
. The effect of mass flow rate, particle volume concentration and heat flux on the convective heat transfer coefficient is noted. The tube orientation is inclined to 6° which is suitable for high velocity fluid flow areas, electronic cooling industry and rapid heat transfer applications. Results show an enhancement of 40% in heat transfer coefficient and it reveals the importance of nanotechnology especially in the field of thermal engineering inspite of all its major issues.