Efficient and secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks using mine detection An extension of triple umpiring system for WSN

It is a significant challenge to design a secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSN), because a WSN has dynamic topology, limited energy, confined computing ability and small memory size. The performance metrics usually considered when working with a WSN are power consumption, connectivity, scalability, and limited resources. Sensor nodes play the dual role of data collection and routing and therefore need energy to perform. Malfunctioning of a few nodes, due to hardware or lack of energy, in the network will cause significant topology changes, leading to greater consumption of energy and rerouting of packets. Triple Umpiring System (TUS) has already been proved its better performance on mobile ad hoc network (MANET) in which each node in the path from source to destination has dual roles to perform: Packet forwarding and umpiring. In this paper, we modified the TUS by incorporating Mine detection feature. Extensive investigation studies using Qualnet 5.0 simulator show that Mine detection significantly improves the Packet Delivery Ratio and decreases the latency in packet delivery.