A 2.98nW bandgap voltage reference using a self-tuning low leakage sample and hold

A novel low power bandgap voltage reference using a sample and hold circuit with self-calibrating duty cycle and leakage compensation is presented. Measurements of 0.18μm CMOS test chips show a temperature coefficient of 24.7ppm/°C and power consumption of 2.98nW, marking a 251× power reduction over the previous lowest power bandgap reference.