Industrially feasible >19% efficiency IBC cells for pilot line processing

Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) solar cells with >;19% efficiencies have been fabricated using n-type silicon wafers and well-demonstrated high-volume solar cell process technologies alone. Excellent current collection is implied by J
_sc
values as high as 41.6 mA/cm
²
. High Pseudo Fill Factors (PFF) of above 81% and reduced Fill Factors (FF) of below 72%, suggest that the primary losses are due to series resistance. The process flow described is currently being transferred to a pilot production line for further process development.