Silicon-based multi-junction solar cell with 19.7% efficiency at 1-sun using areal current matching for 2-terminal operation

The areal current matching technique is introduced as a novel method to achieve current matching in multi-junction solar cells for 2-terminal operation. A hybrid-integrated InGaP/(In)GaAs/Si 3-junction tandem cell is demonstrated for the first time, showing 1 sun AM1.5G efficiency of 19.7% in 2-terminal operation, with an area of 0.89 cm
²
.