Cost benefit analysis of redundancy levels of large, offshore windfarm equipment

The variability of the power generated by offshore windfarms provides an additional complexity to the assessment of reliability and appropriate redundancy levels of the primary equipment used to connect the windfarms to the transmission network. This paper will show the cost benefit of various redundancy levels of primary equipment such as transformers, cables and equipment associated with HVDC schemes and the configuration arrangements of the HVDC schemes. .