Privacy and security for RFID Access Control Systems: RFID Access Control Systems without back-end database

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the most popular Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) technologies that facilitate objects identification and information exchange over relatively small and widely separated entities. In this paper, the main aim is to address the privacy and security challenges that RFID Access Control Systems face and solve these challenges without relying on back-end database but only the RF subsystem.