Wind farm power management by high penetration of PHEV

In the context of rapidly expanding renewable energy resources, the wind power is in the center of interest. Many countries have set a goal for high penetration levels of wind power generation. At a high penetration level, an extra fast response reserve capacity is needed to cover the shortfall of generation when a sudden variation of wind takes place. To enable a proper management of the uncertainty, this paper presents an approach to make the wind power a more reliable source by using vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. High penetration of Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PHEV) is anticipated in the next years due to the benefits for both environment and end-users. Consequently, combining the wind power generation system with V2G will reduce the intermittency of wind power and will lead to a sustainable development. Therefore, PHEVs can stabilize the output power of the wind farm by providing a kind of storage capacity for electric energy during high wind speed and deliver it in low wind speed. It also requires a scheduling for charging of the PHEV's batteries so it is important to estimate the reasonable number of participating vehicles for the desired applications. The approach of the model has been justified by conducting numerical studies using actual wind histograms of Sotavento wind farm in Spain.