$W$ -Band BPSK and QPSK Transceivers With Costas-Loop Carrier Recovery in 65-nm CMOS Technology

This paper presents two fully integrated binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) transceivers operating at W-band [carrier frequency = 84 GHz (BPSK), and 87 GHz (QPSK)]. Including RF front-end, Costas-loop-based carrier and data recovery, and antenna assembly technique, the BPSK transceiver prototype achieves a 2.5-Gb/s data link with BER <; 10
^-9
while consuming 202 mW (Tx) and 125 mW (Rx) from a 1.2-V supply. The QPSK TRx achieves a 2.5-Gb/s data link with BER <; 10
^-11
while consuming 212 mW (Tx) and 166 mW (Rx) from a 1.2-V supply. Both cases are measured with link distance of 1 m and antenna gain of 24 dBi.