Optimal clustering for wireless sensor networks using intermediate nodes

In this paper, we propose a clustering algorithm to enhance the performance of WSNs. In each cluster, a multi-level hierarchical structure can be applied to improve on throughput, delay, and energy consumption. In each cluster, besides the cluster head, some nodes can be selected as intermediate nodes according to their positions; INs are responsible for aggregating data from general nodes and sending them to the CH. Moreover, to shorten delay, simultaneous access mechanism is proposed. Simulation results indicate a promising direction in supporting real-time and save energy in high density sensor networks.