A Frequency-Doubling Optoelectronic Oscillator Based on a Dual-Parallel Mach–Zehnder Modulator and a Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating

A frequency-doubling optoelectronic oscillator (FD-OEO) based on a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) and a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) has been demonstrated. The DPMZM implements a carrier phase-shifted double sideband (CPS-DSB) modulation to generate a microwave signal at the second-harmonic frequency, while the CFBG ensures the oscillation of the fundamental frequency signal by tailoring the phase relationships between the optical sidebands and the carrier. As a result, self-starting 10- and 20-GHz microwave signals with low phase noises are simultaneously generated.