Underwater acoustic communication research at TNO — Past and present

This paper provides an overview of more than 12 years of underwater acoustic communication research at the Sonar Department of TNO The Hague. The research covered both point-to-point links and relay networks, from long-range covert communication to short-range high-data-rate communication, for both civil and military applications. The current scientific focus is on wideband modulations and waveforms (multi-scale multi-lag) and on acoustic channel modelling supported by sea trials.