Evolution, transition and prospection of Chinese planning: From a perspective of its connections with European planning

China has been well known for its huge amounts of planning practises since its reform and opening policy. However, systemic discussions related to planning theory are inadequate. This paper discussed the evolution, transition and a possible prospection of Chinese planning from both theoretical and empirical dimensions, particularly featured by exploring links between Chinese planning and European (or `western' oriented) spatial planning. The evolution of Chinese planning, now in a highly dynamic phase, has distinguished itself from European planning by a highly rational, coordinated and top-down approach. This paper argued several reasons for this. Beyond that, there is a wide range of possibilities to be considered and reflected on, which could enhance planning theory and practice. According to this, a possible direction for Chinese planning could be more adaptive to coordinate with the self-organized reality, to cope with increasing uncertainties in planning and most importantly, to contribute for a better living.