Carrier-envelope phase stabilization of a soliton-effect compressed sub-two-cycle pulse source

After the first measurements of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) drift between successive pulses from a Ti:Sapphire oscillator were obtained by time-domain cross-correlation, several techniques for the detection and stabilization of the CEP of femtosecond laser pulses have been developed. These methods represent an essential tool for applications where CEP-stabilized pulses are required, such as attosecond science, frequency metrology, precision spectroscopy and extreme nonlinear optics.