A fully integrated 96GHz 2×2 focal-plane array with On-Chip antenna

A fully integrated 96 GHz 2 × 2 focal-plane array (FPA) direct conversion imager in 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS (f
_T
/f
_max
=200/180 GHz) employing four integrated antennas with Dicke switches and LO generation/distribution is presented. The PLL plus tripler achieves a locking range of 92.67-98.2 GHz and phase noise of -93 dBc/Hz at 96 GHz measured at 1 MHz offset. The 3.5 × 3 mm
²
chip achieves an average responsivity and NEP of 285 MV/W and 8.1 fW/√Hz, respectively, across 86-106 GHz band and an NETD of 0.48 K. The chip consumes 695 mW from 1.8 V/2.5 V supplies.