Adsorption and removal of lead in propolis with modified rushes

An environment-friendly, economical and efficient adsorbent, called cellulose xanthogenate, was prepared using common rush from herb medicine residues to remove the excessive lead in propolis. Several important influencing factors in the modification process were discussed. In the static state experiment, the effect of lead concentration, adsorption time, initial pH value, adsorption temperature and particle size on adsorption efficiency was discussed. In addition, the effect of the dynamic state of the modified common rush on lead removal rate and its regeneration property were both investigated. The results showed that the adsorption ability of the common rush residues for lead was improved after chemical modification, and a good lead removal rate was obtained. This work provided a method for the control of lead in propolis, and a way for more reasonable use of herb medicine residues.