The groundwater exploitation risk assessment based on variable fuzzy optimization theory: A case study in Xi'an

Groundwater risk system is a complex open large scale system, mutual associated and interconnected with economy, social and natural system. Meanwhile, groundwater exploitation is influenced by rainfall, population and other uncertain factors, resulting strong fuzziness evaluation indicators. Multi-stage fuzzy optimization theory was applied to evaluate groundwater exploitation in plain region in Xi'an in order to avoiding the one-sidedness of single model. The results revealed easy calculation, strong maneuverability and meeting the actual circs well of this method.