Effects of Conductor Counter-Transposition on the Positive-Sequence Impedance and Losses of Cross-Bonded Cables

In this letter, we show that contrary to common belief, counter-transposing the conductors when power cables are cross-bonded can increase the positive-sequence resistance by close to 20%. This is very important because the losses of a power cable are determined (for balanced operation) from the Joule loasses caused by the positive-sequence resistance
$(3R_{1} I_{1}^{2})$
.