VSC-HVDC system protection: A review of current methods

Currently classical thyristor-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems hold the market in bulk power transmission. However, recent advances in semiconductor technology have led to voltage source converter based HVDC (VSC-HVDC) systems becoming a viable competitor. Not only is VSC-HVDC a competitor for transmission but it can also be used in multi-terminal systems, which have become an attractive option for renewable energy applications or for distribution in large cities. As more and more VSC-HVDC systems are installed, the protection of these systems must be taken into account. This paper explores different options and ideas for VSC system protection.