Swarm intelligent routing solution for Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we have developed a Swarm Routing Protocol that uses Swarm Autonomous Routing Algorithm (SARA) for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and developed WSN prototypes (accelerometer and temperature) by embedding SARA into COTS devices. SARA provides intelligent routing solution for MANET where the rebroadcasting node (COTS device) is chosen from among the neighbor nodes by comparing the pheromones associated with each neighbor. Nodes learn by modifying the pheromone values associated with neighbor nodes when a packet is received. Unlike other Ad Hoc routing protocols, there are no control messages used to determine the route to destinations; data packets reach to destination hopping via designated rebroadcasting nodes. This will significantly reduces the network overhead and provide very efficient bandwidth solution. Moreover, the protocol does not use routing tables other than local pheromone tables and hence provide very efficient routing solution. The QualNet Simulation results show that the network performance using SARA has outperformed other currently used MANET routing protocols. The successful accelerometer and temperature sensor demonstrations were performed using Freescale's 13192SARD boards.