Theory of radiation as a foundation for antenna miniaturization and broadbanding via metamaterial and slow-wave techniques

This paper discusses the theory of antenna radiation from the viewpoint of radiation integrals, from which it is shown how the fundamental physical limitation on antenna gain bandwidth and phased arrays is circumvented. In particular, the traveling-wave (TW) antenna is shown to be miniaturized or broadbanded by techniques such as the use of metamaterial and the slow-wave.