Modern permanent magnets for applications in electro-technology

The range of materials and properties now at the disposal of design engineers is described. Current uses of permanent magnets are reviewed, with particular attention to engineering and economic aspects. The rapid broadening of magnet uses is now occurring as traditional devices are miniaturized, and new applications and design concepts evolve. Currently evolving materials and production processes, prospects for still 'better' magnets, and ultimate upper limits for permanent magnet properties are assessed.