Modeling and simulation of substation-related outages in power flow analysis

This paper presents a probabilistic reliability method that models and simulates the outages of substation-related equipment, such as incoming or outgoing lines or feeders, circuit breakers, disconnect switches and bus sections. Such approach is generally not available in a conventional power flow analysis model. This method has recently been implemented in a power system analysis program that is widely used in the electric power industry. It can be used to simulate breaker and switching operations in response to substation equipment failures and calculate indices that reflect the reliability performance of a substation. The results of the substation reliability assessment can be further processed as input to the reliability assessment of the overall transmission system.