Depth and Rate of Fading on Fixed Wireless Channels Between 200 MHz and 2 GHz in Suburban Macrocell Environments

Various bands between 200 MHz and 2 GHz have recently been reallocated to multipoint fixed wireless services. The links in such systems are usually obstructed by buildings and foliage and are susceptible to fading caused by windblown trees and foliage. To date, there have been relatively few efforts to characterize either the depth of fading in bands below 1.9 GHz or the rate of fading in any of these bands. We transmitted CW signals in the 220, 850 and 1900 MHz bands from a transmitter located 80 m above ground level in a typical suburban macrocell environment and collected time-series of received signal strength at distances between 1 and 4 km from the site. We reduced the data to show how the depth and rate of fading depend on the frequency band, time-averaged wind speed and distance in such an environment. Our most significant finding is that the rate of signal fading is very similar in all three bands. In particular, it is not proportional to carrier frequency, as a simplistic model involving moving scatterers might suggest. These results will provide useful guidance to those who seek to simulate, or develop detailed physical models of, fade dynamics in such environments.