A comprehensive cognitive engineering process for human-information systems

The US Air Force (USAF) is in the midst of an information revolution that requires thoughtful consideration of (1) cooperative problem solving, (2) emergent complexity, and (3) changing paradigms. Not only is the information revolution evident in the technology that proceeds from it (e.g. virtual reality systems, ubiquitous computing, groupware) but it is having a deleterious affect on the human's ability to adapt to new performance levels that require sustained attention, trust in intelligent associates or a new reliance on teamwork. This paper compares traditional human factors with cognitive engineering to assuage complex human-information system problems, looks at how cognitive engineering processes have been partially applied in real-world domains, and proposes a broader model for USAF targets of opportunity. The affects of the information revolution on human-centered systems may be contemplated by asking K.B. DeGreene's (1991) three basic questions: What is the nature of the real world? How can the real world best be studied? How can design best be accomplished? In turn, cognitive engineering must be attuned to these questions if it is to have lasting effects, and if it is to be responsive to continuous process improvements in USAF systems.