Metamaterial entrenched circular microstrip antenna for Malaysia HAPS

A circularly microstrip antenna (CMSA) with its related geometry intended for 5850 -7075 MHz Malaysia HAPS operating band are presented here. Construction are made into three layers having layer three surface copper re-formed on a microwave laminate (ε
_r
= 2.2) and by varying its middle air gap spacing's height. At the same time, these copper at layer three will be electrically and magnetically fed via a smaller circular copper sheet (fed via coaxial cable and varied its x-y position at layer two) in between layer three and layer one (ground plane). Apart from normal circular form, a total of one to four circular split ring structures are placed per circular copper including all the parasitic elements with CCSRRs relevant width dimension are studied to obtain bandwidth improvement and higher gain. Using lower dielectric value microwave laminate and its corresponding larger thickness has pull off more than 2.0 GHz bandwidth (VSWR <; 2) marking 5850 MHz as the focal operating point.