A compact low-power 24 GHz transceiver for radar applications in 0.13 µm CMOS

This paper presents a compact low-power transceiver for 24 GHz radar applications integrated in 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The high integration level includes a low-noise amplifier (LNA), two mixers, on-chip quadrature generation, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a power amplifier (PA) driver and frequency division by four at a record minimal area of 0.7 mm
²
. The direct-conversion receiver offers a conversion gain of 12 dB and a DSB noise figure of 5.5 dB, whilst the transmitter provides an output power of -3 dBm with a phase noise of -101 dBc/Hz. The circuit consumes only 88 mW from a single 1.5 V supply.