A modified hybrid dual-mode blind equalization algorithm for high-order QAM signals

This paper presents a modified hybrid dual-mode blind equalization algorithm for high-order QAM signals. In the blind startup mode, the algorithm adds a constellation matching error (CME) to the cost function of extended constant modulus algorithm (ECMA) to improve the ECMA's performance. Then switch to Directed Decision (DD) algorithm as the tracking mode to improve the restraining precision. Computer simulation results show that the algorithm has the faster convergence rate, lower steady-state error and can compensate the phase offset automatically.