Fuzzy Multi-Sets and Multi-Rules: Analysis of Hybrid Systems Concerning Renewable Sources with Conventional and Flow Batteries

The increasing market penetration of intermittent renewable resources - as a solution to green power energy production - has been resulting in the development of several types of storage technologies, such as: PHS, CAES, Flywheel, and supercapacitors. However, the constant development of different types of batteries - both conventional and by flow - turns this type of storage system one of the most useful to be applied together with renewable energy sources. This paper uses multi-rules-based decision and multi-sets considerations applied in the fuzzy logic to evaluate the main characteristics of the operation of intermittent renewable sources and batteries. The renewable sources analyzed in this work are wind generators and photovoltaic cells, while the analyzed batteries are Lead Acid, Nickel Cadmium, Lithium ion, Sodium-Sulphur, Vanadium Redox and Polysulphide bromide (flow batteries). These analyses are developed according to the desirable criteria defined to find the most appropriate renewable hybrid system, considering two different scenarios: costs and environment. The selected criteria are: environmental impacts, efficiency, costs, lifecycle, technical maturity and power application range.