Lightning-Induced Voltage Over Lossy Ground by a Hybrid Electromagnetic Circuit Model Method With Cooray–Rubinstein Formula

This paper presents the calculation of lightning-induced voltages over lossy ground, generated by a lightning strike to a flat ground and a tall object. A hybrid electromagnetic circuit model method adopting an approximation formula, i.e., Cooray-Rubinstein expression, is employed in this paper. A comparison of the simulation results with experimental data shows that the Cooray-Rubinstein formula is still good enough for the calculation of a lightning-induced voltage. Electric fields calculated by the proposed method, and by equations derived by Master and Uman and a conventional dipole technique, are compared. The two approaches yield the same total electrical fields but different components of electrostatic, induction and radiation.