Recent developments in Russian radar systems

During the past several decades, the Soviet Union investment in air defense systems has exceeded that of the Western nations. New relationships with the West have provided opportunities for us to see aspects of a new generation of Russian radar engineering not previously evident, with some surprising results. A few of these are described, in areas of surface-to-air missile control radar systems using new types of phased arrays, unlike those developed in the US and allied countries. The major features of some of these systems, and differences from Western design practices, are discussed.