Estimation of Antenna Effect on Ultra-Wideband Pulse Shape in Transmission and Reception

This paper presents an analysis of the antenna effect on ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse shape in transmission and reception. This analysis consists of a derivation of the impulse response for frequently used UWB antennas like the ridged horn, transverse electromagnetic horn, and bicone in the transmitting and receiving modes. An analytical/semianalytical expression for the received pulse has been derived. Frequency-limited gain of the transmitting and receiving antennas has been accounted for in the estimation of the received pulse. To demonstrate the antenna effect on a UWB pulse, various antenna combinations have been considered to transmit and receive different Gaussian pulses. A combination of transmitting and receiving antennas has been proposed for faithful reception of the transmitted pulse. This paper also studies the pulse shape and amplitude due to oblique incidence of the pulse on a receiving antenna. Measurements have been presented to support the proposed analysis, and they show good agreement with the estimated received pulses.