Correlations in underwater acoustic particle velocity and pressure channels

Depending on the angle of arrivals (AOAs) and other channel characteristics, different types of correlation appear among acoustic pressure and acoustic particle velocity channels. To have accurate channel models for communication system design, a complete set of correlations are derived in this paper for a vector sensor array. In addition to exact results, accurate yet less complex approximations are derived as well. Based on the exact correlations, delay spread of pressure and particle velocity channels are calculated as well.