Hybrid guided modes in biaxial planar waveguides

The mode classes and the propagation constants are determined for hybrid guided modes in biaxial slab waveguides of arbitrary orientation. The properties of the biaxial media are presented in a coordinate-free manner; therefore, any orientation of the biaxial cover, film, and substrate media relative to the waveguide can be analyzed. With this rigorous electromagnetic analysis technique the following information of propagating modes in these structures can be obtained: the mode class (TE, TM, or hybrid) can be identified; the propagation constants can be calculated as a function of the orientation of the cover, film, and substrate regions; and each mode can be uniquely labeled based on decoupled orientations of the waveguide.