Accurate determination of frequency dividers operating bands

In analog frequency dividers, phenomena such as harmonic synchronization and jumps between coexisting quasiperiodic and frequency divided paths must be taken into account in order to accurately predict their operation ranges. This has been done in this letter by means of a detailed bifurcation analysis. A simple simulation technique is also proposed for determining the second harmonic synchronization locus. A MMIC frequency divider has been thoroughly analyzed, obtaining an excellent agreement with measurements.