Telescopic replication in hierarchically structured process-control programs

Presents a hierarchical control structure incorporating telescopic replication for providing cost-effective redundancy for nodes providing centralized control. The lowest-level nodes of the hierarchy are designed to be inherently fault-tolerant. The higher-level nodes formulate optimal strategies and coordinate lower-level activities. Telescopic replication yields a good performance/cost ratio and allows the system to adapt to failures of higher-level nodes gradually, without the use of backward recovery.<
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