An integrated-circuit switched-capacitor model and implementation of the heart

We present a CMOS chip that implements a simple analog electronic circuit model of the heart. The chip may be useful in low-power body sensor networks that use analysis-by-synthesis techniques to estimate cardiovascular parameters. It may also be useful as a tutorial aid in understanding the heart. We also describe how our electronic model of the heart can be used with heart signal processors in a feedback heart locked loop (HLL) -analogous to a phase locked loop- for estimating cardiovascular parameters robustly.