ARFTG 50 year network analyzer history

Network analyzers are a key measurement technology for the RF and microwave industry. About fifty years ago the first network analyzer products started to be introduced and have had a significant influence on the design and testing of passive and active components. This paper traces the development of these network analyzers during the past fifty years discussing the technology used in their design and measurement contributions. The first network analyzers were focused on transmission and reflection measurements and then became the mainstay of s-parameter characterization. Error correction techniques were developed for improved accuracy. As time passed additional capabilities and measurements have been added. Features such as error corrected power, noise, converter, and nonlinear measurements have been added to address the growing market needs. Multiport configurations along with balanced and differential characterization have addressed the more integrated solutions of today.