Investigation of radiation effects for 1-D left-handed transmission lines

The equivalent circuit for the RLH-TL is employed to consider radiation effects due to the inclusion of a series capacitor and shunt inductor in a unit cell for the right/left-handed transmission line (RLH-TL). The S-parameters for unit cells with N=1, 3, 5, and 10 are analyzed in various aspects based the EM and circuit simulations in a trial to quantitatively estimate the radiation rate for the RLH-TL consisting of N unit cells in general. For a RLH-TL with a large number of unit cells, a modification formula for the radiation rate per unit cell is also proposed for good agreement between the EM and circuit simulation results.