Robust watermarking of 3-D polygonal models

In this paper, we present a scheme for digital watermarking of three-dimensional (3D) triangle meshes in spatial domain. This scheme is robust against cropping, decimation and randomization attacks. The key idea is to define the uniformly populated groups of the triangle normals to embed individual bits of information which are spread over the whole surface of the mesh. Moreover, our scheme presents features to maximize the number of watermarking locations and enable to control the degree of redundancy if required.