A new dynamic model for lead-acid batteries

A new equivalent circuit model for lead-acid batteries is presented, taking into account internal losses due to self- discharge and polarisation effect within a battery. This model is compact in describing both the ohmic voltage drop and overvoltage effects in a combined form of polarisation effect, using a single equivalent resistance for each operating mode. The battery electromotive force is represented by a dependent voltage source whose value changes with the state of charge. The circuit parameters expressed in non-linear function forms are used to describe the charging and discharge characteristics. The model has been derived from the manufacturer's data and validated by experiment.